Specialists from the Laboratory of Neutron Physics at JINR and research centres in Romania studied the multi-element composition of soils in the vicinity of siderurgical industry and assessed toxic risk. Using sensitive analysis techniques, the scientists quantified 45 major, minor, and trace elements in soils around large siderurgical plants (Galați, SE Romania). The obtained data can provide a basis for the development of a strategy to reduce environmental risks in the region.

The map of sampling points around the Galați integrated siderurgical plant (ISP) and the ISP scheme

The assessment of soil contamination in the vicinity of integrated siderurgical plants is of utmost importance for agroecosystems and human health. For the most accurate examination of elemental composition researchers used instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in combination with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS).

The statistical analysis results and vertical distribution patterns for three depths (0–5 cm, 5–20 cm, 20–30 cm) indicate inputs of toxic elements in the sites close to the ironmaking and steelmaking facilities, and industrial wastes dumping site. For selected elements, a comparison with historical, legislated and world reported concentration values in soil was performed and depth migration, contamination, and toxic risk indices were assessed.

The distribution of major rock forming elements was closer to the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), and to the Dobrogea loess, which is confirmed by the ternary diagram of the incompatible trace elements Sc, La, and Th, and by the La to Th rate. At the same time, the La/Th vs. Sc and Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc bi-plots suggested a felsic origin and a weak recycling of soils’ mineral components.

The results of the study highlight the need for regular monitoring of soil conditions in the vicinity of siderurgical industry in Galați. The findings will help develop the necessary measures for the revegetation of polluted lands, processing and recycling of metal materials.

The article was published in Minerals in May 2024. Among the authors is JINR employee, Advisor to Directorate of the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics at JINR, Marina Frontasyeva.