The work presented here summarizes the results of the analyses of various environmental samples (sediments; soil; vegetation; air) to estimate the content of radionuclides and potentially toxic elements. The methodology to complete these objectives included the utilization of several instrumental (Gamma Spectrometry; Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy: Direct mercury analyser, X-ray diffraction) and data processing techniques (Principal component analysis; Cluster analysis; Positive matrix factorisation; Q-GIS etc.). Obtained results allowed to estimate the factors contributing to the elevated levels of pollutants and calculation of the human health risk. These studies filled the study gaps of the available literature and stipulate the direction of future research.