Abstract:

We discuss the general requirements for a physical system to implement all stages of quantum computing. Devices based on Josephson junctions are discussed as examples of the implementation of qubits and quantum operations. The idea of topological quantum computing and its implementation using Majorana zero modes are presented. In particular, we consider Majorana states in topological Josephson junctions on the surface of a topological insulator as well as the possibilities of conducting quantum operations and quantum measurements in such systems.